Recent research into the principles and methods of doxography (the description of the doxai, the characteristic doctrines of authorities in a certain subject) has revealed that the question ‘What is the leading principle in man and where is it located?’ more or less assumed a life of its own in late antiquity, separate from the scientific context from which it originated. It became a favourite subject for practising argumentation techniques (comparable to questions such as ‘Is an embryo a (…)
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Bioética
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van der Eijk: Mente e cérebro na medicina antiga (introdução)
27 de setembro de 2018, por Cardoso de Castro -
MacIntyre - virtue ethics
7 de agosto de 2017, por Cardoso de CastroMacIntyre, Alasdair (2007), After Virtue. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame
Because I understand the tradition of the virtues to have arisen within and to have been first adequately articulated in the Greek, especially the Athenian polis, and because I have stressed the ways in which that tradition flourished in the European middle ages, I have been accused of nostalgia and of idealizing the past. But there is, I think, not a trace of this in the text. What there is is an insistence on (…) -
JOSEF SEIFERT: medical ethics
17 de julho de 2017, por Cardoso de CastroTHE PHILOSOPHICAL DISEASES OF MEDICINE AND THEIR CURE, 2004. Author: JOSEF SEIFERT, p. xix-xx
The present volume on the foundations of philosophy and ethics of medicine will treat, after an introduction, the general nature of medical science, three most general parts of medicine, i.e. three aspects of the physician, and the seven high goods which are the objective goals of medical care, and which to understand is a condition for grasping properly medicine itself as well as the moral drama (…) -
JOSEF SEIFERT: Filosofia e medicina
17 de julho de 2017, por Cardoso de CastroTHE PHILOSOPHICAL DISEASES OF MEDICINE AND THEIR CURE, 2004. Author: JOSEF SEIFERT, p. xvii-xviii
"In other words, besides biological and experimental knowledge pertaining to medical science and underlying medical care of all sorts, and besides the diagnostic and practical arts and manifold techniques required for the carrying out of medical actions, the theoretical and practical aspects of medicine depend essentially and constitutively on an understanding of the human person and of values (…) -
Beauchamp: Respeito pela Autonomia
15 de julho de 2017, por Cardoso de Castronossa tradução
O respeito pela autonomia está enraizado nas tradições morais e políticas liberais da importância da liberdade e da escolha individuais. Na filosofia moral, autonomia pessoal refere-se à autogovernança pessoal: regramento pessoal de si pela compreensão adequada, mantendo-se livre de controlar interferências de outros e de limitações pessoais que impeçam a escolha. Autonomia significa liberdade da restrição externa e da presença de capacidades mentais críticas, como (…) -
Disputas filosóficas em bioética
14 de julho de 2017, por Cardoso de CastroShould one focus on actions or character? The core difference between virtue theory (David Thomasma; Edmund Pellegrino) and other theories such as principlism (Beauchamp and DeGrazia), casuistry (Boyle) and Clouser/Gert’s “common morality” rests on this distinction. However, as the essays in this volume will make clear, one should be careful not to formulate these diverse theories in a way that makes the distinction too sharp. Virtue theorists recognize that a focus on character is not (…)
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THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION WITHIN THE FIELD OF BIOETHICS
14 de julho de 2017, por Cardoso de CastroWhile there is no attempt to rigidly define philosophy and exclude those perspectives that do not neatly fit the definition, this does not mean that there is no guiding sense of what philosophy is about and what it brings to the field of bioethics. Philosophers bring an interest in clarity and transparency, simplicity and economy of expression, and systematicity. And perhaps most distinctly, philosophers bring these interests together in order to grasp in thought the essential aspects of a (…)
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Entralgo: relação médico-paciente
10 de julho de 2017, por Cardoso de CastroPara el hombre, ¿cuándo una cosa es importante? Indudablemente, cuando puede dolerle. Nos muestra nuestro cuerpo su importancia cuando nos duele; y una amistad o un amor valen cuando pueden ser causa de dolor, y sólo entonces. ¿Será exagerado decir que a la humanidad actual le duele la relación entre el médico y el paciente? Hasta bien entrado nuestro siglo, sólo excepcionalmente presentaba problemas esa relación: cuando el médico faltaba a las reglas de juego o cuando el enfermo, por una (…)
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van der Eijk: Hippocrates hostile to philosophy?
8 de julho de 2017, por Cardoso de CastroOne such ‘non-Hippocratic’ medical author was Diocles of Carystus, whose importance in antiquity was rated so highly that he was given the [24] title of ‘younger Hippocrates’ or deemed ‘second in age and fame to Hippocrates’. He practised in the fourth century bce, and although we know very little of his life, we can safely assume that he was one of the most prominent medical thinkers of antiquity. His interests ranged widely, and he is reported to have written at least twenty works (some of (…)
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van der Eijk: Hippocratic Corpus
8 de julho de 2017, por Cardoso de CastroI have already touched on the great diversity among the writings attributed to Hippocrates and, at some time long after they were written, assembled [22] under the heading of ‘Hippocratic Corpus’. As has been recognised ever since antiquity, these ‘Hippocratic’ writings are not the work of one author; rather, they constitute a heterogeneous group of over sixty treatises, which display great differences in content and style. None of these writings mention the name of their author, and none (…)