Must we not, said Socrates, ask ourselves some question of this sort ? — What is that which, as we imagine, is liable to be scattered away, and about which we fear ? and what again is that about which we have no fear ? And then we may proceed to inquire whether that which suffers dispersion is or is not of the nature of soul — our hopes and fears as to our own souls will turn upon that. PHAEDO
Ath. Do not all human things partake of the nature of soul ? And is not man the most religious of (…)
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Jowett / Benjamin Jowett
Matérias
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Jowett: nature of soul
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro -
Jowett: divine
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSocrates : Well, you know, Demodocus, they do say that advice is a holy thing. And so, if ever it is to be accounted holy, it must be in this instance, in which you now seek it. For there is no more divine matter on which a mortal could take counsel than the education either [122c] of himself or of his relations. Now, first of all, let you and me come to an agreement as to what we suppose that this thing can be, on which we are taking counsel ; for it may happen that I conceive it to be one (…)
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Jowett: notion of the soul
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroIn this respect, replied Simmias : Might not a person use the same argument about harmony and the lyre — might he not say that harmony is a thing invisible, incorporeal, fair, divine, abiding in the lyre which is harmonized, but that the lyre and the strings are matter and material, composite, earthy, and akin to mortality ? And when someone breaks the lyre, or cuts and rends the strings, then he who takes this view would argue as you do, and on the same analogy, that the harmony survives (…)
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Jowett: divination
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSoc. But what about matters in which they do not agree ? — for example, about divination, of which both Homer and Hesiod have something to say — ION
Soc. Would you or a good prophet be a better interpreter of what these two poets say about divination, not only when they agree, but when they disagree ? ION
Socrates : Nor yet will it be about divination ? ALCIBIADES I
Socrates : Answer the questions asked, Alcibiades : only do that, and with Heaven’s favor — if we are to put any trust in (…) -
Jowett: soul is a harmony
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroEch. There I feel with you — indeed I do, Phaedo, and when you were speaking, I was beginning to ask myself the same question : What argument can I ever trust again ? For what could be more convincing than the argument of Socrates, which has now fallen into discredit ? That the soul is a harmony is a doctrine which has always had a wonderful attraction for me, and, when mentioned, came back to me at once, as my own original conviction. And now I must begin again and find another argument (…)
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Jowett: diviner
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSocrates : For there again a diviner will serve better than you. ALCIBIADES I
Euth. I am amused, Socrates, at your making a distinction between one who is a relation and one who is not a relation ; for surely the pollution is the same in either case, if you knowingly associate with the murderer when you ought to clear yourself and him by proceeding against him. The real question is whether the murdered man has been justly slain. If justly, then your duty is to let the matter alone ; but if (…) -
Jowett: one soul
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSoc. And is this notion true of one soul, or of two or more ? GORGIAS
But does the soul admit of degrees ? or is one soul in the very least degree more or less, or more or less completely, a soul than another ? PHAEDO
Yet surely one soul is said to have intelligence and virtue, and to be good, and another soul is said to have folly and vice, and to be an evil soul : and this is said truly ? PHAEDO
Then one soul not being more or less absolutely a soul than another, is not more or less (…) -
Jowett: diviners
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSoc. I perceive, Ion ; and I will proceed to explain to you what I imagine to be the reason of this. The gift which you possess of speaking excellently about Homer is not an art, but, as I was just saying, an inspiration ; there is a divinity moving you, like that contained in the stone which Euripides calls a magnet, but which is commonly known as the stone of Heraclea. This stone not only attracts iron rings, but also imparts to them a similar power of attracting other rings ; and (…)
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Jowett: evil soul
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSoc. Listen, then, as story-tellers say, to a very pretty tale, which I dare say that you may be disposed to regard as a fable only, but which, as I believe, is a true tale, for I mean to speak the truth. Homer tells us, how Zeus and Poseidon and Pluto divided the empire which they inherited from their father. Now in the days of Cronos there existed a law respecting the destiny of man, which has always been, and still continues to be in Heaven — that he who has lived all his life in justice (…)
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Jowett: divinest
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSocrates : It is very much to the point : but he, good sir, like almost every other poet, speaks in riddles. For poetry as a whole is by nature [147c] inclined to riddling, and it is not every man who can apprehend it. And furthermore, besides having this natural tendency, when it gets hold of a grudging person who wishes not to show forth to us his own wisdom but to conceal it as much as possible, we find it an extraordinarily difficult matter to make out whatever this or that one of them (…)
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Jowett: vicious soul
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroBut what will those who maintain the soul to be a harmony say of this presence of virtue and vice in the soul ? — Will they say that there is another harmony, and another discord, and that the virtuous soul is harmonized, and herself being a harmony has another harmony within her, and that the vicious soul is inharmonical and has no harmony within her ? PHAEDO
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Jowett: World-order
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroBut surely there must be found some science, the possession of which will cause the wisdom of him who is really wise and not wise merely in men’s opinion. Well, let us see : for in this laborious discussion we are trying our hardest to find some other science, [976d] apart from those we have mentioned, which can really and reasonably be termed wisdom ; such an acquirement as will not make one a mean and witless drudge, but will enable one to be a wise and good citizen, at once a just ruler (…)
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Jowett: soul is imperishable
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroNay, my good friend, said Socrates, let us not boast, lest some evil eye should put to flight the word which I am about to speak. That, however, may be left in the hands of those above, while I draw near in Homeric fashion, and try the mettle of your words. Briefly, the sum of your objection is as follows : You want to have proven to you that the soul is imperishable and immortal, and you think that the philosopher who is confident in death has but a vain and foolish confidence, if he thinks (…)
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Jowett: worlds
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroThe wing is the corporeal element which is most akin to the divine, and which by nature tends to soar aloft and carry that which gravitates downwards into the upper region, which is the habitation of the gods. The divine is beauty, wisdom, goodness, and the like ; and by these the wing of the soul is nourished, and grows apace ; but when fed upon evil and foulness and the opposite of good, wastes and falls away. Zeus, the mighty lord, holding the reins of a winged chariot, leads the way in (…)
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Jowett: divinity of the soul
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroNay, my good friend, said Socrates, let us not boast, lest some evil eye should put to flight the word which I am about to speak. That, however, may be left in the hands of those above, while I draw near in Homeric fashion, and try the mettle of your words. Briefly, the sum of your objection is as follows : You want to have proven to you that the soul is imperishable and immortal, and you think that the philosopher who is confident in death has but a vain and foolish confidence, if he thinks (…)
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Jowett: world-order
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroAnd now after this it remains for us to say how many and who these beings are : [986e] for we shall never be found to have spoken falsely. Thus far, at least, I asseverate with certainty : I say, once more, that there are eight of them, and that while three of the eight have been told, five yet remain. The fourth in motion and transit together, and the fifth, are almost equal to the sun in speed, and on the whole are neither slower nor swifter. These being three, must be so regarded by him (…)
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Jowett: immortality of the soul
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroThere is nothing new, he said, in what I am about to tell you ; but only what I have been always and everywhere repeating in the previous discussion and on other occasions : I want to show you the nature of that cause which has occupied my thoughts, and I shall have to go back to those familiar words which are in the mouth of everyone, and first of all assume that there is an absolute beauty and goodness and greatness, and the like ; grant me this, and I hope to be able to show you the (…)
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Jowett: world below
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSoc. But how did you come to have this skill about Homer only, and not about Hesiod or the other poets ? Does not Homer speak of the same themes which all other poets handle ? Is not war his great argument ? and does he not speak of human society and of intercourse of men, good and bad, skilled and unskilled, and of the gods conversing with one another and with mankind, and about what happens in heaven and in the world below, and the generations of gods and heroes ? Are not these the themes (…)
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Jowett: soul is immortal
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroSoc. And if the truth of all things always existed in the soul, then the soul is immortal. Wherefore be of good cheer, and try to recollect what you do not know, or rather what you do not remember. MENO
Then the soul is immortal ? PHAEDO
Then, Cebes, beyond question the soul is immortal and imperishable, and our souls will truly exist in another world ! PHAEDO
And we should in very truth always believe those ancient and sacred teachings, which declare that the soul is immortal, that it (…) -
Jowett: rest of the world
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroCompanion : In your present way of putting it, Socrates, the same things appear to be accepted as lawful both by us and by the rest of the world, always : [316c] but when I reflect that we are continually changing our laws in all sorts of ways, I cannot bring myself to assent. MINOS
And do you, Protagoras, like the rest of the world, call some pleasant things evil and some painful things good ? — for I am rather disposed to say that things are good in as far as they are pleasant, if they (…)