Página inicial > Palavras-chave > Escritores - Obras > Platão / Platon / Platón / platonism / platonismo / platonisme
Platão / Platon / Platón / platonism / platonismo / platonisme
PLATÃO (grego Πλάτων, Platon) (427-348 aC)
DICIONÁRIO DE FILOSOFIA
OBRA NA INTERNET: LIBRARY GENESIS
OBRA COMPLETA EM VERSÕES FRANCESAS
OBRA COMPLETA TRADUÇÃO BENJAMIN JOWETT
DIÁLOGOS ONLINE EM DIFERENTES VERSÕES EM INGLÊS
A tradição filosófica assimila Platão, na leitura, no comentário e no uso que faz de sua obra, ao instituidor de termos cuja evidência marcou toda a história da filosofia. Seria possível escrever filosoficamente fora dos termos platônicos, que a tradição filosófica retoma ou critica? Para sempre a ousia vem confundir a distinção serena da essência e da existência, o eidos assombrar a eidética, a idea legitimar todos os idealismos; tantos termos que se formaram em conceitos que incontestavelmente testificam por sua fortuna a vã nomotética de Platão. Todavia, a disponibilidade dos termos platônicos, a familiaridade que toleram, ocultam a segunda figura em operação no Crátilo, aquela do dialético, sem o qual a produção nomotética perde toda significação. Herdeira do léxico, dos instrumentos, a tradição o foi. Mas que fez ela do dialético? Este, reconhecido como o praticante da “ciência mais elevada”, viveu dias gloriosos e pôs a pedra angular do edifício do platonismo. Mas secundarizando seu papel, esquece-se a lição do Crátilo, segundo a qual só aquele que sabe usar a palavra-instrumento na arte da dialética pode dar conta da palavra ela mesma, arrancá-la da erosão da usura. O texto platônico, tecido, tramado segundo uma nomotética e uma dialética, não sai indemne de uma leitura que pretenda disjuntá-las e se esquiva a toda apreensão que tente fazer qualquer economia desta articulação. [
Montet , Danielle. Les traits de l’être. Essai sur l’ontologie platonicienne. Paris: Jérôme Millon, 1990, p. 5]
Luc Brisson : De acordo com o testemunho de Diógenes Laércio, Aristófanes de Bizâncio teria organizado os diálogos de Platão por trilogias, por grupos de três:
1) República, Timeu e Crítias
2) Sofista , Político e Crátilo
3) Leis, Minos e Epinomis
4) Teeteto , Eutífron e Apologia
5) Críton, Fédon e Cartas
Matérias
-
Jowett: active
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
The soul, then, as being immortal, and having been born again many times, rand having seen all things that exist, whether in this world or in the world below, has knowledge of them all ; and it is no wonder that she should be able to call to remembrance all that she ever knew about virtue, and about everything ; for as all nature is akin, and the soul has learned all things ; there is no difficulty in her eliciting or as men say learning, out of a single recollection — all the rest, if a man (…)
-
Jowett: mind
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Mind
Socrates : Then let us consider this further case. Suppose it should quite suddenly occur to your mind that you had better take a dagger and go to the door of Pericles, your own guardian and friend, [144a] and ask if he were at home, with the design of killing just him and no one else, and his servants said he was at home : now, I do not say you would be inclined to do any such thing, but I suppose, if you are under the impression which at some moment may well be present, surely, to (…)
-
Jowett: passive
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Then I heard someone who had a book of Anaxagoras, as he said, out of which he read that mind was the disposer and cause of all, and I was quite delighted at the notion of this, which appeared admirable, and I said to myself : If mind is the disposer, mind will dispose all for the best, and put each particular in the best place ; and I argued that if anyone desired to find out the cause of the generation or destruction or existence of anything, he must find out what state of being or (…)
-
Jowett: state of mind
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Hippias : But you see, Socrates, you do not consider the entirety of things, nor do they with whom you are in the habit of conversing, but you all test the beautiful and each individual entity by taking them separately and cutting them to pieces. For this reason you fail to observe that embodiments of reality are by nature so great and undivided. And now you have failed to observe to such a degree that you think there is some affection or reality which pertains to both of these together, (…)
-
Jowett: actors
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Soc. O that we were wise, Ion, and that you could truly call us so ; but you rhapsodes and actors, and the poets whose verses you sing, are wise ; whereas I am a common man, who only speak the truth. For consider what a very commonplace and trivial thing is this which I have said — a thing which any man might say : that when a man has acquired a knowledge of a whole art, the enquiry into good and bad is one and the same. Let us consider this matter ; is not the art of painting a whole ? ION (…)
-
Jowett: right mind
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Mind
Soc. I perceive, Ion ; and I will proceed to explain to you what I imagine to be the reason of this. The gift which you possess of speaking excellently about Homer is not an art, but, as I was just saying, an inspiration ; there is a divinity moving you, like that contained in the stone which Euripides calls a magnet, but which is commonly known as the stone of Heraclea. This stone not only attracts iron rings, but also imparts to them a similar power of attracting other rings ; and (…)
-
Jowett: tragic
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Cleitophon : Listen, then. When I was attending your lectures, Socrates, I was oftentimes amazed at what I heard, and you seemed to me to surpass all other men in the nobleness of your discourse, when you rebuked mankind and chanted these words like a God on the tragic stage : CLEITOPHON
After this I went to one man after another, being not unconscious of the enmity which I provoked, and I lamented and feared this : but necessity was laid upon me — the word of God, I thought, ought to be (…)
-
Jowett: sound mind
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Mind
For I am satisfied [he says] when a man is neither bad nor very stupid ; and when he knows justice (which is the health of states), and is of sound mind, I will find no fault with him, for I am not given to finding fault, and there are innumerable fools (implying that if he delighted in censure he might have abundant opportunity of finding fault). PROTAGORAS
Ath. The affection both of the Bacchantes and of the children is an emotion of fear, which springs out of an evil habit of the (…)
-
Jowett: comic
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
And first, I have to reply to the older charges and to my first accusers, and then I will go to the later ones. For I have had many accusers, who accused me of old, and their false charges have continued during many years ; and I am more afraid of them than of Anytus and his associates, who are dangerous, too, in their own way. But far more dangerous are these, who began when you were children, and took possession of your minds with their falsehoods, telling of one Socrates, a wise man, who (…)
-
Jowett: whole mind
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Mind
I am sure that we have been wrong, Socrates, said Lysis. And he blushed as he spoke, the words seeming to come from his lips involuntarily, because his whole mind was taken up with the argument ; there was no mistaking his attentive look while he was listening. LYSIS
By the action of all these men the greatest and most formidable danger was warded off, and because of this their valor [241d] we pronounce their eulogy now, as our successors will in the time to come. But, in the period (…)
-
Jowett: adulteration
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
If man exchanges either money for money, or anything whatever for anything else, either with or without life, let him give and receive them genuine and unadulterated, in accordance with the law. And let us have a prelude about all this sort of roguery, like the preludes of our other laws. Every man should regard adulteration as of one and the same class with falsehood and deceit, concerning which the many are too fond of saying that at proper times and places the practice may often be right. (…)
-
Jowett: presence of mind
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Mind
I have told you one tale, and now I must tell you another, which is worth hearing, ‘Of the doings and sufferings of the enduring man’, while he was on the expedition. One morning he was thinking about something which he could not resolve ; he would not give it up, but continued thinking from early dawn until noon — there he stood fixed in thought ; and at noon attention was drawn to him, and the rumour ran through the wondering crowd that Socrates had been standing and thinking about (…)
-
Jowett: Zeus
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
King Zeus, give unto us what is good, whether we pray or pray not ; ALCIBIADES II
Demodocus : Then do you mind if we step aside here from the street into the portico of Zeus the Liberator ? THEAGES
Socrates : Then do you know who were their good kings ? Minos and Rhadamanthus, the sons of Zeus and Europa ; those laws were theirs. MINOS
So if I now proceed to relate how Minos is eulogized by Homer [319b] and Hesiod, my purpose is to prevent you, a man sprung from a man, from making a (…)
-
Jowett: one mind
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Mind
La. I have but one feeling, Nicias, or (shall I say ?) two feelings, about discussions. Some would think that I am a lover, and to others I may seem to be a hater of discourse ; for when I hear a man discoursing of virtue, or of any sort of wisdom, who is a true man and worthy of his theme, I am delighted beyond measure : and I compare the man and his words, and note the harmony and correspondence of them. And such an one I deem to be the true musician, attuned to a fairer harmony (…)
-
Jowett: Zoroaster
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Socrates : Yes, and mine, noble Alcibiades, to Daedalus, and Daedalus to Hephaestus, son of Zeus ! But take the lines of those people, going back from them : you have a succession of kings reaching to Zeus — on the one hand, kings of Argos and Sparta ; on the other, of Persia, which they have always ruled, and frequently Asia also, as at present ; whereas we are private persons ourselves, and so were our fathers. And then, [121b] suppose that you had to make what show you could of your (…)
-
Jowett: bodies
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Great and fine, indeed ! he replied : why, these fellows are prating about the heavenly bodies, and babbling philosophy. LOVERS
So then, Socrates, when I hear you constantly making these speeches I admire you immensely and praise you to the skies. So too when you state the next point in your argument, that those who train their bodies but neglect their souls are guilty of another action of the same sort — neglecting the part that should rule, and attending to that which should be ruled. (…)
-
Jowett: Zeno
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
[119a] Socrates : But tell me of any other Athenian or foreigner, slave or freeman, who is accounted to have become wiser through converse with Pericles ; as I can tell you that Pythodorus son of Isolochus, and Callias, son of Calliades, became through that of Zeno ; each of them has paid Zeno a hundred minae, and has become both wise and distinguished. ALCIBIADES I
Soc. Have we not heard of the Eleatic Palamedes (Zeno), who has an art of speaking by which he makes the same things appear (…)
-
Jowett: body
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Socrates : Since, therefore, both of these are gains and gain-making affairs, we must now consider what it can be that leads you to call both of them gain : [230e] what is it that you see to be the same in both ? Suppose you were to ask me, in those instances that I gave just now, what it is that leads me to call both good food and evil food alike food, I should tell you — for this reason, because both are a dry sustenance of the body. For that, I am sure you would agree, is what food is, (…)
-
Jowett: zeal
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Then, as it seemed to me that they were losing their zeal for the argument, I tried to pursue the inquiry in another way, and said : But what, as nearly as we can guess, are the kinds of learning which the philosopher should learn, since he is not to learn all things or many things ? LOVERS
Socrates : Demodocus, your zeal is no wonder to me, if you suppose that I especially could be of use to him ; for I know of nothing for which a sensible man could be more zealous than for his own son’s (…)
-
Jowett: boldness
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro
Not much time will be gained, O Athenians, in return for the evil name which you will get from the detractors of the city, who will say that you killed Socrates, a wise man ; for they will call me wise even although I am not wise when they want to reproach you. If you had waited a little while, your desire would have been fulfilled in the course of nature. For I am far advanced in years, as you may perceive, and not far from death. I am speaking now only to those of you who have condemned me (…)