Of Beauty.
REVIEW OF BEAUTY OF DAILY LIFE.
1. Beauty chiefly affects the sense of sight. Still, the ear perceives it also, both in the harmony of words, and in the different kinds of music; for songs and verses are equally beautiful. On rising from the domain of the senses to a superior region, we also discover beauty in occupations, actions, habits, sciences and virtues. Whether there exists a type of beauty still higher, will have to be ascertained by discussion.
PROBLEMS CONCERNING (…)
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Guthrie - Plotinus
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Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead I,6
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead I,7
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroOf the First Good, and of the Other Goods.
THE SUPREME GOOD AS END OF ALL OTHER GOODS.
1. Could any one say that there was, for any being, any good but the activity of “living according to nature?” For a being composed of several parts, however, the good will consist in the activity of its best part, an action which is peculiar, natural, and unfailing. Further: as the soul is an excellent being, and directs her activity towards something excellent, this excellent aim is not merely (…) -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead I,8
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroOf the Nature and Origin of Evils.
QUESTIONS TO BE DISCUSSED.
1. Studying the origin of evils that might affect all beings in general, or some one class in particular, it is reasonable to begin by defining evil, from a consideration of its nature. That would be the best way to discover whence it arises, where it resides, to whom it may happen, and in general to decide if it be something real. Which one of our faculties then can inform us of the nature of evil? This question is not easy (…) -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead I,9
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroOf Suicide.
EVIL EFFECTS OF SUICIDE ON THE SOUL HERSELF.
1. (As says pseudo-Zoroaster, in his Magic Oracles), “The soul should not be expelled from the body by violence, lest she go out (dragging along with her something foreign,” that is, corporeal). In this case, she will be burdened with this foreign element whithersoever she may emigrate. By “emigrating,” I mean passing into the Beyond. On the contrary, one should wait until the entire body naturally detaches itself from the soul; in (…) -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead II,1
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroOf the Heaven.
HEAVEN, THOUGH IN FLUX, PERPETUATES ITSELF BY FORM.
1. Nothing will be explained by the perfectly true (Stoic) statement that the world, as corporeal being that ever existed and that will ever exist, is indebted for the cause of its perpetuity to the volition of the divinity. We might find an analogy between the change of the elements, and the death of animals without the perishing of the form of the species here below, and the universe above, whose body is subject to a (…) -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead II,2
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroAbout the Movement of the Heavens.
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE MOVEMENTS OF THE HEAVENS.
1. Why do the heavens move in a circle? Because they imitate Intelligence. But to what does this movement belong? To the Soul, or to the body? Does it occur because the Soul is within the celestial sphere, which tends to revolve about her? Is the Soul within this sphere without being touched thereby? Does she cause this sphere to move by her own motion? Perhaps the Soul which moves this sphere should not (…) -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead II,3
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroWhether Astrology is of any Value.
OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE STARS.
1. It has been said that the course of the stars indicates what is to happen to each being; though, it does not, as many persons think, cause every event. To the supporting proofs hereof we are to add now more precise demonstrations, and new considerations, for the opinion held about this matter is no trifle.
VARIOUS PRETENSIONS OF ASTROLOGY.
Some people hold that, by their movements, the planets produce not only (…) -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead II,4
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroOf Matter.
MATTER AS SUBSTRATE AND RESIDENCE OF FORMS.
1. Matter is a substrate (or subject) underlying nature, as thought Aristotle, and a residence for forms. Thus much is agreed upon by all authors who have studied matter, and who have succeeded in forming a clear idea of this kind of nature; but further than this, there is no agreement. Opinions differ as to whether matter is an underlying nature (as thought Aristotle), as to its receptivity, and to what it is receptive.
THE STOIC (…) -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead II,5
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroOf the Aristotelian Distinction Between Actuality and Potentiality.
QUESTIONS TO BE DISCUSSED.
1. (Aristotle) spoke of (things) existing “potentially,” and “actually”; and actuality is spoken of as a “being.” We shall, however, have to examine this potential and actual existence; and whether this actual existence be the same as actuality, and whether this potential existence be identical with potentiality; also, whether these conceptions differ so that what exists actually be not (…) -
Guthrie-Plotinus: Ennead II,6
1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de CastroOf Essence and Being.
DISTINCTION BETWEEN ESSENCE AND BEING.
1. Is “essence” something different from “being”? Does essence indicate an abstraction of the other (four categories), and is being, on the contrary, essence with the other (four categories), motion and rest, identity and difference? Are these the elements of being? Yes: “being” is the totality of these things, of which one is essence, the other is motion, and so forth. Motion, therefore, is accidental essence. Is it also (…)