Categoria: Bioética
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O que é bioética? O que é um bioeticista? O que é um consultor de ética de saúde ou um consultor de ética clínica? Não há repostas diretas a tais questões. De fato, as tentativas de responder tais questões usualmente engendram controvérsias. Bioética é um quebra-cabeça. Bioética é em si mesma uma controvérsia, um teatro…
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Dignity often appears in admonitions about how doctors should treat patients. “Each individual has the right to be treated with dignity […]. To repeat, individuals have a right to be treated with dignity not as an instrument of someone else’s policy” avers Sir Michael Marmot in a World Medical Association statement. The WMA’s Code of…
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In the two main versions of phenomenological bioethics outlined so far, the field is understood either as an integrated part of, or as a critical outside perspective on, principle-based bioethics. Phenomenology can be used either to inform the application of principles or to criticize the contemporary set-up of bioethics and offer alternative approaches. The critical…
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Uma aproximação sempre interessante é realizar uma incursão etimológica sobre qualquer termo filosófico. O termo ética, por exemplo, é um dos conceitos mais difundidos no linguajar contemporâneo e a compreensão sobre sua significação na Grécia Antiga requer que se reconheça a deterioração sofrida pelo vocábulo. Segundo Lima Vaz (1999, p. 13), o termo ethike é…
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It can be inferred from remarks made by Plato, Aristotle and in the Hippocratic Corpus 1 that as early as the fifth century bce doctors and natural philosophers disagreed on the question which bodily factors (organs, tissues or substances) played the most important part in performing faculties we would call ‘psychic’ or ‘mental’. These include…
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Recent research into the principles and methods of doxography (the description of the doxai, the characteristic doctrines of authorities in a certain subject) has revealed that the question ‘What is the leading principle in man and where is it located?’ more or less assumed a life of its own in late antiquity, separate from the…
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MacIntyre, Alasdair (2007), After Virtue. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Because I understand the tradition of the virtues to have arisen within and to have been first adequately articulated in the Greek, especially the Athenian polis, and because I have stressed the ways in which that tradition flourished in the European middle ages, I…
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THE PHILOSOPHICAL DISEASES OF MEDICINE AND THEIR CURE, 2004. Author: JOSEF SEIFERT, p. xix-xx The present volume on the foundations of philosophy and ethics of medicine will treat, after an introduction, the general nature of medical science, three most general parts of medicine, i.e. three aspects of the physician, and the seven high goods which…
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THE PHILOSOPHICAL DISEASES OF MEDICINE AND THEIR CURE, 2004. Author: JOSEF SEIFERT, p. xvii-xviii “In other words, besides biological and experimental knowledge pertaining to medical science and underlying medical care of all sorts, and besides the diagnostic and practical arts and manifold techniques required for the carrying out of medical actions, the theoretical and practical…
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O respeito pela autonomia está enraizado nas tradições morais e políticas liberais da importância da liberdade e da escolha individuais. Na filosofia moral, autonomia pessoal refere-se à autogovernança pessoal: regramento pessoal de si pela compreensão adequada, mantendo-se livre de controlar interferências de outros e de limitações pessoais que impeçam a escolha. Autonomia significa liberdade da…
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Should one focus on actions or character? The core difference between virtue theory (David Thomasma; Edmund Pellegrino) and other theories such as principlism (Beauchamp and DeGrazia), casuistry (Boyle) and Clouser/Gert’s “common morality” rests on this distinction. However, as the essays in this volume will make clear, one should be careful not to formulate these diverse…
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While there is no attempt to rigidly define philosophy and exclude those perspectives that do not neatly fit the definition, this does not mean that there is no guiding sense of what philosophy is about and what it brings to the field of bioethics. Philosophers bring an interest in clarity and transparency, simplicity and economy…
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Para el hombre, ¿cuándo una cosa es importante? Indudablemente, cuando puede dolerle. Nos muestra nuestro cuerpo su importancia cuando nos duele; y una amistad o un amor valen cuando pueden ser causa de dolor, y sólo entonces. ¿Será exagerado decir que a la humanidad actual le duele la relación entre el médico y el paciente?…
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One such ‘non-Hippocratic’ medical author was Diocles of Carystus, whose importance in antiquity was rated so highly that he was given the [24] title of ‘younger Hippocrates’ or deemed ‘second in age and fame to Hippocrates’. He practised in the fourth century bce, and although we know very little of his life, we can safely…
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I have already touched on the great diversity among the writings attributed to Hippocrates and, at some time long after they were written, assembled [22] under the heading of ‘Hippocratic Corpus’. As has been recognised ever since antiquity, these ‘Hippocratic’ writings are not the work of one author; rather, they constitute a heterogeneous group of…
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[…] this work has long been read as the paradigm of Greek fifth-century rationalism. And it is certainly true that this author, in claiming that epilepsy ‘has a nature’, is doing something very similar to what the Presocratics did in inquiring into the ‘nature’ (phusis) of things, namely their origin, source of growth and identifying…
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[…] ‘nature, soul, health and disease’ indicates some of the more prominent areas in which such interaction between ‘philosophers’ and medical writers was most clearly visible. It is no coincidence that Aristotle’s comments on the overlap between ‘students of nature’ and ‘doctors’ are made in his own Parva naturalia, a series of works on a…
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In his important contribution “Philosophy of Medicine: Problematic and Potential,” Edmund Pellegrino thoroughly discusses the possible relationships between medicine and philosophy. He categorizes these relations into three different types: Philosophy and medicine, philosophy in medicine, and philosophy of medicine. Philosophy and medicine comprises the mutual considerations by medicine and philosophy of problems common to both…
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1. Historicamente, a bioética encontra seu ponto de partida na ética médica, posto que é desta última que se destacou globalmente o estudo da decisão moral no campo da saúde. Com os médicos, os teólogos estavam estreitamente concernidos, uma vez que eram estes últimos que ensinavam a ética médica, pelo menos nos Estados Unidos, berço…