Jowett / Benjamin Jowett

Matérias

• Jowett: cosmic deities
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  But there is one point which every Greek should bear in mind — that of all Greeks we have a situation which is about the most favorable to human excellence. The praiseworthy thing in it that we have to mention is that it may be taken as midway between a wintry and a summery climate ; and our climate, being inferior in its summer to that in the region over there, as we said, has been so much later in imparting the cognizance of these cosmic deities. And let us note that [987e] whatever Greeks (…)

• Jowett: perfect man
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Socrates : That’s what it is, Hippias, to be a truly wise and perfect man ! For you are both in your private capacity able to earn much money from the young [281c] and to confer upon them still greater benefits than you receive, and in public affairs you are able to benefit your own state, as a man must who is to be not despised but held in high repute among the many. And yet, Hippias, what in the world is the reason why those men of old whose names are called great in respect to wisdom — (…)

• Jowett: opposites
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  opposites desire each other, Lysis 215 E ; have something in common, Protag. 331 E ; everything has one opposite, ib. 332 ; 2 Alcib. 139 B ; reconciliation of, in the philosophy of Heracleitus, Symp. 187 A ; opposites generated out of opposites, Phaedo 70 E, 103 A ; exclusion of opposites, ib. 102 E, 104 B ; Gorg. 496 ; qualification of, Rep. 4.436 ; opposites in nature, ib. 454 ; 5. 475 E ; participation in opposites, Parm. 129 B ; admixtures of opposites, Phil. 25,26; opposites must be (…)

• Jowett: Charmides
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  The subject of the “Charmides” is Temperance or σωφροσύνη, a peculiarly Greek notion, which may also be rendered Moderation,6 Modesty, Discretion, Wisdom, without completely exhausting by all these terms the various associations of the word. It may be described as mens sana in corpore sano, the harmony or due proportion of the higher and lower elements of human nature which “makes a man his own master,” according to the definition of the Republic. In the accompanying translation the word has (…)

• Jowett: gnome
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  judgment
  Soc. That is a tremendous class of names which you are disinterring ; still, as I have put on the lion’s skin, I must not be faint of heart ; and I suppose that I must consider the meaning of wisdom (phronesis) and understanding (sunesis), and judgment (gnome), and knowledge (episteme), and all those other charming words, as you call them ? CRATYLUS
  Soc. Phronesis (wisdom), which may signify Phoras kai rhou noesis (perception of motion and flux), or perhaps Phoras onesis (the (…)

• Jowett: contradiction
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  antiphasis
  Contradiction, proved impossible, Euthyd. 285 D foil. ; nature of, Rep. 4. 436 ; 10. 602 E ; power of, ib. 5. 454 A.
  But if there is a contradiction, can the composition be good or true ? PROTAGORAS
  And is there not a contradiction ? he asked. Reflect. PROTAGORAS
  Brother dear, let us both together stay the force of the hero. And I summon you, for I am afraid that Protagoras will make an end of Simonides. Now is the time to rehabilitate Simonides, by the application of your (…)

• Jowett: good of the soul
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Soc. Is there not an absurdity in arguing that there is nothing good or noble in the body, or in anything else, but that good is in the soul only, and that the only good of the soul is pleasure ; and that courage or temperance or understanding, or any other good of the soul, is not really a good ? — and is there not yet a further absurdity in our being compelled to say that he who has a feeling of pain and not of pleasure is bad at the time when he is suffering pain, even though he be the (…)

• Jowett: intemperance
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  temperance
  intemperance, see drunkenness, intoxication :—intemperance of love, Tim. 86. Soc. Then injustice and intemperance, and in general the depravity of the soul, are the greatest of evils ! GORGIAS
  Soc. Then the art of money-making frees a man from poverty ; medicine from disease ; and justice from intemperance and injustice ? GORGIAS
  Cal. Quite so, Socrates ; and they are really fools, for how can a man be happy who is the servant of anything ? On the contrary, I plainly (…)

• Jowett: upper world
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Such is the life of the gods ; but of other souls, that which follows God best and is likest to him lifts the head of the charioteer into the outer world, and is carried round in the revolution, troubled indeed by the steeds, and with difficulty beholding true being ; while another only rises and falls, and sees, and again fails to see by reason of the unruliness of the steeds. The rest of the souls are also longing after the upper world and they all follow, but not being strong enough they (…)

• Jowett: sensible man
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Socrates : Demodocus, your zeal is no wonder to me, if you suppose that I especially could be of use to him ; for I know of nothing for which a sensible man could be more zealous than for his own son’s utmost improvement. But how you came to form this opinion, that I would be better able to be of use to your son in his aim of becoming a good citizen than you would yourself, and how he came to suppose that I rather than yourself would be of use to him — this does fill me with wonder. For you, (…)

• Jowett: aporia
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Soc. And mine, too, Hermogenes. But do not be too much of a precisian, or "you will unnerve me of my strength." When you have allowed me to add mechane (contrivance) to techne (art) I shall be at the top of my bent, for I conceive mechane to be a sign of great accomplishment — anein ; for mekos the meaning of greatness, and these two, mekos and anein, make up the word mechane. But, as I was saying, being now at the top of my bent, I should like to consider the meaning of the two words arete (…)

• Jowett: nous
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Soc. That is a graver matter, and there, my friend, the modern interpreters of Homer may, I think, assist in explaining the view of the ancients. For most of these in their explanations of the poet, assert that he meant by Athene "mind" (nous) and "intelligence" (dianoia), and the maker of names appears to have had a singular notion about her ; and indeed calls her by a still higher title, "divine intelligence" (Thou noesis), as though he would say : This is she who has the mind of God (…)

• Jowett: first principle
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Soc. Then we ought not to retaliate or render evil for evil to anyone, whatever evil we may have suffered from him. But I would have you consider, Crito, whether you really mean what you are saying. For this opinion has never been held, and never will be held, by any considerable number of persons ; and those who are agreed and those who are not agreed upon this point have no common ground, and can only despise one another when they see how widely they differ. Tell me, then, whether you (…)

• Jowett: indefiniteness
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Now, he who, duly reflecting on all this, enquires whether the worlds are to be regarded as indefinite or definite in number, will be of opinion that the notion of their indefiniteness is characteristic of a sadly indefinite and ignorant mind. He, however, who raises the question whether they are to be truly regarded as one or five, takes up a more reasonable position. Arguing from probabilities, I am of opinion that they are one ; another, regarding the question from another point of view, (…)

• Jowett: diviner
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Socrates : For there again a diviner will serve better than you. ALCIBIADES I
  Euth. I am amused, Socrates, at your making a distinction between one who is a relation and one who is not a relation ; for surely the pollution is the same in either case, if you knowingly associate with the murderer when you ought to clear yourself and him by proceeding against him. The real question is whether the murdered man has been justly slain. If justly, then your duty is to let the matter alone ; but if (…)

• Jowett: natural pleasure
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Ath. There seems to be a difficulty, Stranger, with regard to states, in making words and facts coincide so that there can be no dispute about them. As in the human body, the regimen which does good in one way does harm in another ; and we can hardly say that any one course of treatment is adapted to a particular constitution. Now the gymnasia and common meals do a great deal of good, and yet they are a source of evil in civil troubles ; as is shown in the case of the Milesian, and Boeotian, (…)

• Jowett: intellectual
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  intellect
  Nic. Because you seem not to be aware that any one who has an intellectual affinity to Socrates and enters into conversation with him is liable to be drawn into an argument ; and whatever subject he may start, he will be continually carried round and round by him, until at last he finds that he has to give an account both of his present and past life ; and when he is once entangled, Socrates will not let him go until he has completely and thoroughly sifted him. Now I am used to (…)

• Jowett: aeischoroun
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Soc. The meaning of aischron is evident, being only aei ischon roes (always preventing from flowing), and this is in accordance with our former derivations. For the name-giver was a great enemy to stagnation of all sorts, and hence he gave the name aeischoroun to that which hindered the flux (aei ischon roun), and that is now beaten together into aischron. CRATYLUS

• Jowett: division
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  At last, after a good deal of reflection, Zeus discovered a way. He said : "Methinks I have a plan which will humble their pride and improve their manners ; men shall continue to exist, but I will cut them in two and then they will be diminished in strength and increased in numbers ; this will have the advantage of making them more profitable to us. They shall walk upright on two legs, and if they continue insolent and will not be quiet, I will split them again and they shall hop about on a (…)

• Jowett: divinest
  1º de fevereiro, por Cardoso de Castro

  Socrates : It is very much to the point : but he, good sir, like almost every other poet, speaks in riddles. For poetry as a whole is by nature [147c] inclined to riddling, and it is not every man who can apprehend it. And furthermore, besides having this natural tendency, when it gets hold of a grudging person who wishes not to show forth to us his own wisdom but to conceal it as much as possible, we find it an extraordinarily difficult matter to make out whatever this or that one of them (…)