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astronomia

quinta-feira 25 de janeiro de 2024

  

gr. ἄστρον, astron. A alma no ensinamento platônico e neoplatônico não é somente identificada com, mas unida com certa estrela.


gr. ἀστρολογία, astrologia: astron (astro) + logia (logos, discurso). Plotino   no tratado 28 examina o sentido, se algum, da astrologia.

Bouillet  

Le mot κέντρα désigne les quatre points du ciel considérés dans les horoscopes, l’horizon oriental, le nadir, l’horizon occidental, le zénith; en termes d’astrologie: l’angle oriental, l’angle de terre, l’angle occidental, l’angle méridional (Voyez la Note sur ce livre). Eusèbe cite un fragment d’Origène   où cet écrivain explique la marche suivie par les astrologues, et exprime des idées tellement conformes à celles de Plotin qu’il semble qu’un des deux auteurs se soit inspiré de l’autre:

Les astres ne sont en aucune sorte les auteurs des événements humains: ils n’en sont que les signes... Les astrologues prétendent qu’en tirant d’une certaine manière l’horoscope de l’homme naissant, ils découvrent comment chaque planète est placée relativement à la perpendiculaire soit de telle constellation du zodiaque, soit des plus petites étoiles qui la composent, quel signe du zodiaque occupait l’horizon oriental, quel autre l’occidental, quel était au zénith, quel était au nadir. Lorsqu’ils ont ainsi disposé les astres qui doivent leur donner l’horoscope à l’époque de la naissance de l’homme dont ils étudient la destinée, non seulement Ils recherchent les choses qui doivent lui arriver, mais ils scrutent encore celles qui sont passées, celles qui ont précédé sa naissance et sa conception, ce qu’est son père sous le rapport de la condition, riche ou pauvre, sans défaut dans sa complexion ou atteint de quelque difformité, s’il est de bonnes moeurs ou non, s’il n’a point de propriétés territoriales ou s’il en a d’étendues, quelles sont ses occupations; ils en font autant au sujet de la mère et des frères plus âgés, s’il en a. (Eusèbe, Préparation évangélique, VI, 11, traduction de M. Séguier de Saint Brisson  , t. I, p. 309).

Saint Augustin   avait sans doute Origène et Plotin sous les yeux, lorsqu’il écrivait: « Quod si dicuntur stellae significare potius ista quam facere, ut quasi locutio quœdam sit ista positio, praedicens futura, non agens (non enim mediocriter doctorum hominum fuit ista sententia), non quidem ita solent loqui Mathematici. » (De Civitate Dei, V, 1). Voyez aussi la note 1 de la page 169. (Bouillet; Plotino - Tratado 52,1 (II, 3, 1) — Apresentação da doutrina astrológica)


Armstrong  

[Why do the stars, and omens in general, announce the future? Why is divination possible? Because the whole universe is a single living being, with a unified organic structure; and so from signs appearing in one member we can divine what is going to happen to another. (Armstrong Selection and Translation from the Enneads II. 3. 7)]

But if these heavenly powers give signs of things to come — as we maintain that many other things also do — what might the cause be? How does the order work? There would be no signifying if particular things did not happen according to some order. Let us suppose that the stars are like characters always being written on the heavens, or written once for all and moving as they perform other tasks as well as their principal one: and let us assume that their significance results from this, just as because of the one principle in a single living being, by studying one member we can learn something else about a different one. For instance, we can come to conclusions about someone’s character, and also about the dangers that beset him and the precautions to be taken, by looking at his eyes or some other part of his body. Yes, they are members and so are we, different things in different ways. All things are filled full of signs, and it is a wise man who can learn about one thing from another. Yet, all the same, many processes of learning in this way are customary and known to all.

Then what is the single linked order? If there is one, our auguries from birds and other living creatures, by which we predict particular events, are reasonable. All things must be joined to one another; not only must there be in each individual thing what has well been termed ’ a single, united breath of life’, but before them, and still more, in the All. One principle must make the universe a single complex living creature, one from all; and just as in individual organisms each member undertakes its own particular task, so the members of the All, each individual one of them have their individual work to do; this applies even more to the All than to particular organisms, in so far as the members of it are not merely members, but wholes and more important than the members of particular things. Each one goes forth from one single principle and does its own work, but they also co-operate one with another; for they are not cut off from the whole. They act on and are affected by others; one comes up to another, bringing it pain or pleasure. The process has nothing random or casual about it.



LÉXICO: astronomia; astrologia