simmel:simmel-pm-valor
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| + | ====== VALOR (PM) ====== | ||
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| + | <tabbox português> | ||
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| + | A ordem em que as coisas são colocadas como entidades naturais é baseada na proposição de que toda a variedade de suas qualidades repousa sobre uma lei uniforme da existência. Sua igualdade perante a lei da natureza, a soma constante de matéria e energia, a conversibilidade dos mais diversos fenômenos entre si, transforma as diferenças que são aparentes à primeira vista em uma afinidade geral, uma igualdade universal. Contudo, numa visão mais próxima, isso significa apenas que os produtos da ordem natural estão além de qualquer questão de lei. Sua determinação absoluta não permite nenhuma ênfase que possa fornecer confirmação ou dúvida de sua qualidade particular de ser. Mas não estamos satisfeitos com essa necessidade indiferente que a ciência natural atribui aos objetos. Em vez disso, desconsiderando seu lugar nessa série, nós os organizamos em outra ordem — uma ordem de valor — na qual a igualdade é completamente eliminada, na qual o nível mais alto de um ponto é adjacente ao nível mais baixo de outro; nesta série, a qualidade fundamental não é a uniformidade, | ||
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| + | Assim, o valor é, em certo sentido, a contrapartida do ser e é comparável ao ser como uma forma e categoria abrangentes da visão de mundo. Como Kant apontou, o ser não é uma qualidade de objetos; pois se afirmo que um objeto, que até agora existia apenas em meus pensamentos, | ||
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| + | Se aceitarmos a existência de um valor, então o processo de sua realização, | ||
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| + | <tabbox Bottomore and Frisby> | ||
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| + | The order in which things are placed as natural entities is based on the proposition that the whole variety of their qualities rests upon a uniform law of existence. Their equality before the law of nature, the constant sum of matter and energy, the convertibility of the most diverse phenomena into one another, transform the differences that are apparent at first sight into a general affinity, a universal equality. Yet on a closer view this means only that the products of the natural order are beyond any question of a law. Their absolute determinateness does not allow any emphasis that might provide confirmation or doubt of their particular quality of being. But we are not satisfied with this indifferent necessity that natural science assigns to objects. Instead, disregarding their place in that series we arrange them in another order – an order of value – in which equality is completely eliminated, in which the highest level of one point is adjacent to the lowest level of another; in this series the fundamental quality is not uniformity but difference. The value of objects, thoughts and events can never be inferred from their mere natural existence and content, and their ranking according to value diverges widely from their natural ordering. Nature, on many occasions, destroys objects that, in terms of their value, might claim to be preserved, and keeps in existence worthless objects which occupy the place of the more valuable ones. This is not to say that there is a fundamental opposition between the two series, or that they are mutually exclusive. Such a view would imply a relation between the two series; it would establish, indeed, a diabolical world, determined by values, but with the signs reversed. The case is, rather, that the relation between these series is completely accidental. With the same indifference, | ||
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| + | Thus, value is in a sense the counterpart to being, and is comparable to being as a comprehensive form and category of the world view. As Kant pointed out, being is not a quality of objects; for if I state that an object, which so far existed only in my thoughts, exists, it does not acquire a new quality, because otherwise it would not be the same object that I thought of, but another one. In the same way, an object does not gain a new quality if I call it valuable; it is valued because of the qualities that it has. It is precisely its whole already determined being that is raised to the sphere of value. This is supported by a thorough analysis of our thinking. We are able to conceive the contents of our world view without regard for their real existence or non-existence. We can conceive the aggregates of qualities that we call objects, including all the laws of their interrelation and development, | ||
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| + | If we accept the existence of a value, then the process of its realization, | ||
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| + | </ | ||
