Alparslan / Alparslan Açikgenç

Being and Existence in Sadrā   and Heidegger  : a comparative ontology. Malaysia: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 1993

Introduction i
A. Existentialism as Philosophy of Being 7
1. Being, Existence and Existenz 8
2. The Case for Sadrā and Heidegger 10
B. Sadra’s Life and Works 13
C. Heidegger’s Life and Works 16
l. General Methodology 19
1. An Outline of Difficulties
A. The Indefinability of Being 19
1. The Logical Indefinability 20
2. The Linguistic Definition 21
B. The Self-Evidence of Being 21
C. The Essence-Existence Controversy 23
II. The Problematic of Being 24
III. The Method of Inquiry 26
A. The Interpretative Theory’ of Parallelism 27
B. The Case for Parallelism 28
C. The Program and Procedure 30
1. The Problematic of Being 31
2. The Modalities of Being 36
3. The Existential Characterization 38
2. The Problematic of Being 39
I. Being and its Method of Analysis 40
A. The Phenomenological Method 40
B. The Quest for Being 42
II. Being as Reality’ and as a Concept 47
A. Sadra’s Conceptual Being 47
B. Heidegger’s question of Being 53
C. Sadra’s Reality-Being (al-wujūd al-haqīqī) 58
1. Being and Entities 61
2. Being and its conceptualization 63
D. Heidegger’s Dasein 66
1. Metaphysics vs. fundamental ontology 68
2. Ontology vs. psychology 71
III. The Essence-Existence Controversy 74
A. Sadra’s Theory of Essence 75
B. Heidegger’s Motto:
Dasein’s Essence Lies in its Existenz 77
3. The Modalities of Being 8i
I. Modalities in General 83
A. Mental and External Existence in Sadra 84
1. Mental Existence as Essence 86
2. Mental Existence as Knowledge 86
3. External Existence and the World Order 88
B. “Being-in-the-world” of Heidegger 91
1. Non-human Mode of Being 93
2. Human Mode of Existenz (Dasein) 95
II. Cosmological and Anthropomorphic Modalities 96
A. Sadra’s cosmological Modalities 98
1. The Mode of Potentiality 102
2. The Mode of Diversity 103
3. The Mode of Unity 106
B. Heidegger’s Anthropomorphic Modalities 108
1. The Mode of the Self 109
2. The Mode of the Actual 110
3. The Mode of the Possible 112
III. The Modal Nature of Being and
Existential Concepts 115
A. The act-oriented view of Being 118
B. Reality 121
C. Time 123
4. The Existential Characterization 129
I. The Systematic Ambiguity (Tashkik) of Being 130
A. Tashkik in the Concept of Being 131
B. Tashkik in the Reality of Being 133
C. The Existential Movement 135
II. The Hermeneutics of Being 139
A. The Nature of Interpretation 139
B. Truth and Being 142
C. The Existential Analytic in Terms of
Temporality 144
D. Historicality of Being 148
III. Being and Time 152
Conclusion
1. The Question 155
2. The Ontological Difference 157
3. Ontology vs. anthropology 159
4. Reality-Being vs. Structural-Being 162
5. Being, Knowledge and Truth 164
6. Essence and Existence 167
7. The Existential Movement 169
Bibliography 175