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noûs

quinta-feira 25 de janeiro de 2024

  

gr. νοῦς, noûs = inteligência, intelecto, espírito, Princípio-Intelectual. Latim: spiritus, intellectus. Esse termo tem dois sentidos: (1) substância: espírito; (2) faculdade mental: inteligência ou intelecto. Encontramos o termo noûs empregado desde a origem tanto no sentido metafísico quanto no psicológico. Seus derivados dianoia, noesis, noema, noeton, énnoia, etc.


Plato distinguishes mathematical reasoning dianoia, from the dialectician’s understanding (noesis), and Aristotle   distinguishes reasoning (logos) from a more intuitive kind of spotting of truths (noûs), both of such universal truths as scientific definitions of natural kinds, and in ethics of such particular truths, so I have argued (‘Aristotle on the role of intellect in virtue’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society n.s. 74,1973-4,107-29, repr. in A.O. Rorty  , ed., Essays on Aristotle’s Ethics, University of California 1980, 201-19), as ‘this is what is required of us now’.

In Neoplatonism, reasoning (logos, dianoia, Latin ratiocinatio, ratio) is a step by step process, contrasted with intuitive understanding, conventionally in connection with this period translated ‘intellect’ (noûs, Latin intellectus), which is sometimes the goal of reasoning. [SorabjiPC1  :86]

The Neoplatonists distinguish the intellect as a hypostasis or level of reality above the Soul, whereas reason belongs to the level of Soul.

The discursive reason of the soul is described by Plotinus   as successive, and taking time. Indeed, time is the life of the soul.


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