Armstrong
1. If there is anything after the First, it must necessarily come from the First; it must either come from it directly or have its ascent hack to it through the beings between, and there must be an order of seconds and thirds, the second going back to the first and the third to the second. For there must be something simple before all things, and this must be other than all the things which come after it, existing by itself, not mixed with the things which derive from it, and all the same able to be present in a different way to these other things, being really one, and not a different being and then one; it is false even to say of it that it is one, and there is “ no concept or knowledge of it; it is indeed also said to be “ beyond being ”. [1] For if it is not to be simple, outside all coincidence and composition, it could not be a first principle; and it is the most self-sufficient, because it is simple and the first of all: for that which is not the first needs that which is before it, and what is not simple is in need of its simple components so that it can come into existence from them. A reality of this kind must be one alone: for if there was another of this kind, both would be one. For we are certainly not talking about two bodies, or meaning that the One is the first body. For nothing simple is a body, and body is what comes into being, but not the first principle; and “ the first principle has not come into being ” [2]; if then it was a principle which was not bodily, but was truly one, that [other of this kind] would be the First. If then there is something else after the First, it cannot still be simple: it will therefore be a One-Many. Whence, then, does this come ? From the First: for it certainly does not come about by chance, and if it did the First would no longer be the principle of all things. How then does it come from the First? If the First is perfect, the most perfect of all, and the primal power, it must be the most powerful of all beings and the other powers must imitate it as far as they are able. Now when anything else comes to perfection we sec that it produces, and does not endure to remain by itself, but makes something else. This is true not only of things which have choice, but of things which grow and produce without choosing to do so, and even lifeless things, which impart themselves to others as far as they can: as fire warms, snow cools, and drugs act on something else in a way corresponding to their own nature—all imitating the First Principle as far as they are able by tending to everlastingness and generosity. How then could the most perfect, the first Good, remain in itself as if it grudged to give of itself [3] or was impotent, when it is the productive power of all things ? How would it then still be the Principle ? Something must certainly come into being from it, if anything is to exist of the others which derive their being from it: that it is from it that they come is absolutely necessary. That which is generated by it must certainly also be most honourable, and though it is second to the Principle must be better than all else.
Lloyd
§5.4.1. If there is something after that which is first, it is necessary that what comes from it does so either immediately, or else it has its ascent back to it through intermediaries and there is an ordering of things second and third,1 with the second ascending to the first and the third to the second. For there must be something simple prior to all 5 things and different from all things after it, being by itself, not mixed with the things that come from it, all the while being able to be present to other things, having what those other things have in a different manner, being truly one, and not having its existing different from its being one.2 Given this, it is false that that of which there is no ‘account or scientific understanding’3 is even one;4 it is actually said to ‘transcend 10 Substantiality’5 – for if it is not simple, beyond all combination and composition and not truly one, it would not be a principle. And it is absolutely self-sufficient by being simple and first of all. For that which is not first6 needs that which is prior to it, and that which is not simple is in need of the ‘simples’ in it in order that it be composed of them.715
That which is indeed one like this must be unique. For if there were something else like this, the two of them would be one. For we are not speaking about two bodies or saying that the One is the first body. For no body is simple. And a body is generated, and not a principle; ‘a principle is ungenerated’.8 Since the One is not corporeal, but truly one, it would be that which is first. If, therefore, there should be something 20 different after that which is first, that thing would not itself be simple; it will, therefore, be a one-many.9
From where, then, does this come? It comes from that which is first. For it certainly doesn’t happen by chance. If it did, it would no longer be a principle of all things. How, then, does it come from that which is first? If that which is first is perfect, that is, the most perfect of all things and the first power, it must be the most powerful of all things, and the 25 other powers imitate it as much as they are able. In the case of other things, we see whatever comes to perfection, generating, and not holding back so as to remain self-contained, but rather making something else. This is the case not only for things that have choice, but also for things that grow without choice – and even for things without souls, 30 which give of themselves to the extent that they are able. For example, fire warms, and snow chills, and drugs which act on something else according to their own nature. Everything imitates the principle according to its capacity by tending towards eternity and goodness.
How, then, could that which is most perfect and that which is the first35 Good remain in itself as if it were grudging of itself, or without power – that which is the productive power of all things?10 How would it still be a principle? Something actually must come to be from it if indeed other things are to exist beside it. That these things come from it is a matter of necessity. That which is generated must certainly be the most honourable 40 and, as second to it, must be better than everything else.
Brisson & Pradeau
1. S’il y a quelque chose après le Premier [4], il est nécessaire ou bien que cette chose en soit issue immédiatement, ou bien qu’elle y remonte par des intermédiaires, et il doit y avoir un ordre entre les choses qui viennent en deuxième et celles qui viennent en troisième, ce qui vient en deuxième remontant à ce qui vient en premier et ce qui vient en troisième à ce qui vient en deuxième [5]. Il faut en effet qu’il y ait quelque chose de simple avant toutes choses ; il faut aussi que cette chose soit différente de tout ce qui vient après elle, qu’elle existe par elle-même, qu’elle ne soit pas mélangée aux choses qui viennent d’elle, tout en possédant par ailleurs, d’une autre manière, la puissance de leur être présente [6]. Parce qu’elle est réellement une [7], elle n’est pas autre chose, puis une. Il est même faux de dire d’elle qu’elle est une : il n’y a d’elle « ni discours ni science », et de surcroît, on dit d’elle qu’elle est « au-delà de la réalité » [8]. Car si elle n’est pas simple, si elle n’est pas indépendante de toute combinaison et de toute composition, et si elle n’est pas réellement une, alors elle ne saurait être principe [9]. Parce qu’elle est simple et qu’elle est la première de toutes les choses, elle est ce qui se suffit le plus à soi-même ; car ce qui n’est pas premier [10] a besoin de ce qui est avant lui, et ce qui n’est pas simple a besoin des éléments simples qui sont en lui pour exister à partir d’eux [11]. Une chose de ce genre doit bien sûr être unique [12], car s’il y en avait une autre du même genre, les deux ne feraient qu’une. Oui, et nous ne parlons certainement pas de deux corps, ni ne disons que l’Un est le premier corps. En effet, aucun corps n’est simple [13] : le corps est engendré, mais il n’est pas principe, car « le principe est inengendré » [14]. Et si le principe est non pas corporel, mais réellement un, alors cette chose-là sera le Premier. De sorte que, s’il existait quelque chose d’autre après le Premier, ce ne pourrait être quelque chose de simple, mais ce serait quelque chose d’« un-multiple » [15].
– Mais alors, d’où viendrait cette chose ?
– Du Premier. Elle ne peut bien entendu être le fait du hasard [16], car dans ce cas le Premier ne serait même plus le principe de toutes choses.
– Mais alors, comment vient-elle du Premier ?
– Si le Premier est parfait [17], qu’il est la plus parfaite de toutes les choses et qu’il est la première puissance [18], il doit être la chose la plus puissante de toutes celles qui existent, et les autres puissances doivent l’imiter autant qu’elles le peuvent [19]. Or, dès que n’importe laquelle des autres choses atteint sa perfection, nous constatons qu’elle engendre [20], c’est-à-dire qu’elle ne supporte plus de demeurer en elle-même, mais qu’elle produit une chose différente [21]. Et cela vaut non seulement pour ce qui a la capacité de choisir [22], mais aussi pour toutes les choses qui croissent sans en avoir le choix, et même pour les choses dépourvues d’âme, qui donnent d’elles-mêmes tout ce qu’elles peuvent : comme le feu qui réchauffe, la neige qui refroidit, les remèdes qui agissent sur une autre chose [23] et comme toutes choses imitent le principe, autant qu’elles le peuvent, en tendant vers l’éternité et la bonté. Comment alors ce qui est le plus parfait, le bien premier [24], demeurerait-il en lui-même, comme s’il était avare de lui-même [25] et comme s’il était dépourvu de puissance ? Et comment pourrait-il être dépourvu de puissance, alors qu’il est puissance de toutes choses [26] ? Et comment pourrait-il être encore principe ? Il faut absolument aussi que quelque chose naisse de lui [27], s’il doit exister quelque chose, puisque c’est précisément de lui que les autres choses tirent leur existence ; c’est une nécessité, en effet, dès lors qu’elles viennent de lui. Ce qui est alors engendré par lui et qui vient en second après lui doit forcément être la chose la plus vénérable et la meilleure de toutes les autres [28].